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Referenced. In 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court case of Miranda v. Arizona (Mirandav.Arizona) made a far-reaching ruling, the ruling has become one of this century in the United States, the most important criminal ruling.
1963, a 23-year-old unemployed youth named Onna Stowe, • Miranda (ErnestoMiranda,),Cleveland Indians Jerseys, on suspicion of rape and abduction of women arrested in Arizona, police officer then he was interrogated. Before the trial, police officers did not tell Miranda right to remain silent, the right not to consider themselves incrimination. Miranda not high culture, in this life never heard of the world, the United States the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution so items can. After two hours of interrogation, Miranda admit the offense, and signed the confession.
Later, in court, the prosecutor presented to the jury, Miranda confession, as important evidence of the accused of his crime. Miranda's lawyer insisted that under the Constitution, Miranda confession is not valid. Finally, the jury Miranda guilty, the judge sentenced Miranda to 20 years in prison. The case was subsequently appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Supreme Court eventually overturned the judgment of the District Court on the grounds that the police officers before the trial, no pre-told Miranda should enjoy constitutional powers. In its ruling, the Supreme Court reiterated the police interrogate the rules: First, pre tell suspects right to remain silent. Second, tell the suspect in advance that their statements may be used to prosecute and try them. The third suspect has the right to a lawyer to be present at his trial. Fourth, if the suspect can not afford a lawyer, the court will appoint a lawyer free. These provisions were later known as the Miranda rule.
The first three of the Miranda rule and Miranda case, and rules Article, if the suspect can not afford a defense lawyer, the court should be free to appoint a lawyer requirements, it is made according to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1963 Another important decision.
The Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution stipulates that the defendant be tried in court, right to legal counsel for his defense. Is well known that the money is not everything; can be defended by counsel, no money is totally unacceptable. Hundred years, this section amendment to the Constitution, in fact, just to protect the human rights of the rich. Until 1932,Phillies Jerseys, the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Powell v. Alabama (Powellv.Alabama), the court should be provided free of charge accused the poor defendant guilty of capital crimes defense lawyer. In 1963, the Supreme Court in the case of Gideon v. Wainwright (Gideonv.Wainwright) ruled that the federal courts and state courts should be provided free of charge defense lawyers for the poor defendant charged with felony.
In 1961, a middle-aged, poor man, named Clarence the • IL • Gideon (ClarenceEarlGideon,) due to suspected break into a billiard room theft was arrested in Florida charged from some coins and canned beverage vending machine theft. Gideon penniless, simply could not afford a lawyer, insists he is innocent, and the result was sentenced to five years in prison. Gideon while serving his sentence in prison